The author summarizes the series "Risk and chance in the energy market" by listing all the issues addressed in the articles.

A margin call occurs when the value of an investor's open positions drops below the required deposit level, prompting a broker to request additional funds. If unmet, positions might be closed, leading to potential losses. Minimizing such risks involves strategies like risk management, adjusting position sizes, diversification, market monitoring, hedging, and maintaining adequate capital.

Risk models assist investors in assessing potential losses from investment decisions, based on historical data or expert opinions. In the context of the HUPX energy market, they help predict price volatility and evaluate credit or operational risks, supporting effective investment strategies.